@inproceedings{Wacker11:CSA,
    type = {inproceedings},
    key = {Wacker11:CSA},
    title = {Combining structure and appearance for anomaly detection in wire ropes},
    author = {Esther-Sabrina Wacker and Joachim Denzler},
    booktitle = {International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP)},
    year = {2011},
    pages = {163-170},
    publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
    volume = {2},
    abstract = {We present a new approach for anomaly detection in the context of visual surface inspection. In contrast to existing, purely appearance-based approaches, we explicitly integrate information about the object geometry. The method is tested using the example of wire rope inspection as this is a very challenging problem.  A perfectly regular 3d model of the rope is aligned with a sequence of 2d rope images to establish a direct connection between object geometry and observed rope appearance. The surface appearance can be physically explained by the rendering equation.Without a need for knowledge about the illumination setting or the reflectance properties of the material we are able to sample the rendering equation. This results in a probabilistic appearance model. The density serves as description for normal surface variations and allows a robust localization of rope surface defects.  We evaluate our approach on real-world data from real ropeways. The accuracy of our approach is comparable to that of a human expert and outperforms all other existing approaches. It has an accuracy of 95% and a low false-alarm-rate of 1.5%, whereupon no single defect is missed.},
    groups = {anomalydetection,visual_rope_inspection},
    website = {link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-23678-5_18},
}